Agrippina the Younger (15-59 AD) was the sister, niece, wife, and mother of emperors, making her one of the most powerful and dangerous women in Roman history. "They said she was a tyrant, a murderer and the most wicked woman in history". She was a master of political murder. It is widely suspected that she poisoned her second husband to gain his estate, and many historians believe she poisoned her husband, Emperor Claudius, with a dish of poisoned mushrooms to secure the throne for her son, Nero. However, her ambition proved fatal. When Nero grew tired of his mother's control, he had her murdered. Her powerful legacy, however, earned her city in Germany named Colonia Agrippinensis, which today is known as Cologne.

In 797 AD, Irene organized a coup against her own child. Her loyalists captured Constantine and dragged him to the Purple Chamber—the very room where he was born.

(624–705 CE) remains one of the most polarizing figures in Chinese history, ruling as the only official female emperor of China during the Zhou dynasty. The Rise to Power

: Films like the 1955 Sissi trilogy portrayed her as a sweet, naive girl caught in a rigid court.

Valeska reached for the goblet on the side table. Her fingers, gnarled by age and avarice, brushed against the silver rim. It was empty. The servants had fled hours ago, taking the jewelry, the wine, and even the heavy velvet drapes.

Catherine faced constant threats to her crown. Her harsh actions were driven by the need to maintain control over a massive, unstable empire during an era of global revolution. Sexism and the Rewrite of History

The "atrocious empress" is also a booming trope in modern webtoons and fantasy novels, often exploring characters who are forced into cruelty to survive:

So, what drove these women to such extremes of cruelty? In many cases, their "atrocious" behaviour was a reflection of the times—an era of absolute rule where fear was the primary tool of governance. In a brutal, male-dominated world, many of these empresses and queens felt they had to be twice as ruthless to survive. Their gender, rather than their actions, was often the primary reason for being singled out for infamy.

: In this dark fantasy, a peasant girl becomes a concubine to a cruel heir. To survive, she must abandon her morals and use forbidden "poetry magic" to become as dangerous as the tyrant she serves.

While many of these women committed terrible acts, it is crucial to examine their stories through a critical lens. The concept of the "atrocious empress" was often a tool for political and social control.

She stood and approached the gilded enclosure where her prize tapirs—beasts the size of small ponies with trunk-like snouts and teeth designed for bone—waited expectantly. Atrocious found their company far more logical than that of her ministers. They were simple creatures: they were hungry, and they ate.

The title immediately sets expectations for a ruthless, villainous female lead — either a tyrant or an anti-heroine. “Atrocious” suggests cruelty, possibly justified by betrayal or political necessity.